Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), two neurodevelopmental disorders, have much in common but are distinctive disorders with their own specific characteristics. It is possible to have both conditions concurrently, and recent research suggests this is actually a common occurrence. However, it is critical to identify and treat each condition separately and appropriately.
Symptoms
ADHD is usually the default diagnosis when a child exhibits any of the overlapping symptoms of ASD and ADHD because its symptoms are generally more responsive to medication and treatments. It is important for caregivers to understand the specific individual symptoms of each disorder in order to communicate clearly with clinicians.
Autism
The following symptoms are common for those with ASD:
- Social communication and interaction problems
- Repetitive actions like pacing or rocking
- Speech delays, strange patterns of speech, or disruptions to spoken language abilities
- Extreme sensitivity or lack of reactivity to stimuli
- Related Assessment: CARS™2
ADHD
The following behaviors are indicative of ADHD:
- Problems with concentrating and focusing
- Propensity to speak or act impulsively\
- Related Assessment: ADHDT-2
Similarities
Symptoms of ADHD and ASD show differences on paper, but in person, they can appear very similar. For example, individuals with ADHD often show tendencies toward impulsiveness and distraction. Those characteristics are not specified for individuals on the autism spectrum, but those with ASD typically appear distracted and impulsive. A diagnosis of ASD includes speech delays and verbal idiosyncrasies. While those traits are not officially ADHD symptoms, they are often found in people with ADHD.
Causes
Research is ongoing regarding the causes of ASD and ADHD. It is clear that both disorders have a genetic component and can be passed down through family lines. Environmental factors also seem to play a part. Researchers are looking into the role that chemistry and brain structure can result in developmental disorders including ASD and ADHD.
ADHD
The following risk factors have been linked to ADHD:
- Environmental risk exposure
- Low birth weight
- Mother’s use of alcohol or tobacco during pregnancy
- Premature delivery
- Traumatic brain injury
ASD
Autism spectrum disorder includes all of the same risk factors as ADHD, with the exception of traumatic brain injury. ASD may also be affected by:
- Fragile X syndrome or other genetic disorders
- Fetal exposure to valproic acid or thalidomide
- Older parents
Diagnosis
Unfortunately, there is not a specific medical test that can provide a definitive diagnosis of ASD or ADHD. Diagnosis of these conditions utilizes behavior assessments, interviews, and observations. Doctors use assessments and surveys to rule out other potential causes, such as a learning disability or anxiety. Evaluations of IQ, growth, behaviors, medical history, development, and speech and language skills are frequently performed by a specialist, such as:
- Child psychiatrist or psychologist
- Developmental pediatrician
- Neuropsychologist
- Occupational therapist
- Speech-language pathologist
Treatments
Accurate diagnosis of ASD and ADHD is particularly important to tailor a specific treatment for the individual. The most common treatments include:
- Behavioral therapy
- Medication
- Occupational therapy
- Speech therapy
- Social skills therapy
An early and accurate diagnosis can make a world of difference for a child with autism and ADHD. WPS can provide additional information regarding screening procedures to help make decisions about treatment options.
